Product News | Panoramic Layout of ADC Drug Toxins and Linkers

Mar.08.2023

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) consist of monoclonal antibodies (Antibody) targeting tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens coupled with different numbers of small molecule toxins (Payload) through a linker, combining the high targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies and the high activity of cytotoxins in tumor tissues. It has the dual advantages of high targeting of monoclonal antibodies and high activity of cytotoxic agents in tumor tissues, and has better efficacy than traditional antibody-based oncology drugs.

As the three major components of ADCs, the selection of antibodies is undoubtedly crucial in determining the efficacy of ADCs; linkers determine the systemic toxicity and clinical efficacy of ADCs; and toxins are the key factors in determining the lethality of ADCs.

 

 

Through an in-depth analysis of more than 500 ADC drugs in the market and active pipeline, we have compiled a panoramic layout of toxins and linkers.

 

Toxins

 

 

⭐ More than 130 species have been published so far

 

Launched&Registered

Phase 2 Clinical

Phase 1 Cliical

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

MMAE

3

MMAE

10

MMAE

9

calicheamicin

2

DM1

2

DM1

4

IR700

1

DM4

2

DM4

2

MMAE

1

DXd

2

SG3199

2

SG3199

1

Pseudomonas exotoxin A

2

212Pb

1

DM1

1

tubulysin

2

alpha-emitting radionuclides

1

DXd

1

A-1677770

1

Amberstain

1

MMAF

1

Actnium-225(Ac 225)radiolabelled to satetraxetan

1

Auristatin DolaLock payload

1

PE-38

1

Amanitin

1

Auristatin-0101

1

SN-38

1

anthracycline-derivat ive PNU-159682

1

calicheamicin

1

159682

yttrium-90

1

Auristatin derivative

1

camptothecin

1

Pre-registration&Phase 3

Auristain F-HPA

1

clezutoclax

1

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

belotecan-derived payload

 

alpha-emitting radioisotopethorium Th 227

 

1

1

DM1

1

DGN-549

1

deBouganin

1

DM4

2

DOS47

1

DGN-549

1

DXd

1

DT390

1

dibenzocyclooctyne(DBCO)
noncleavable linker

1

MMAF

1

duostatin-5

1

DM-21

1

Ricin Toxin A(RTA)

1

eribulin

1

Duocam ycin analogues

1

staphylococcalenterotoxin A

1

glucocortcoid receptor modulator steroid

1

duostain-5

1

vc-seco-DUBA

1

IL-12

1

engineered transglutaminase,presumed to be derived from trastuzumab and MMAE

1

Pseudomonas exotoxin

1

oxyntomodulin

1

exatecan derivative

1

A

Phase 1 Clinical

 

PE-38

1

MAAA-1181a

1

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

Pyrrolo benzodiazepine(PBD) dimer

1

maytansine

1

Pyrrolo benzodiazepine(PBD) dimer

1

seco-DUocarmycin hydroxy Benzamide Aza indole(DUBA)

1

Maytansoid

1

pyrrolo benzodiazepine(PBD)) dimerS GD-1882

1

SG3199

1

MMAF

1

SHR 152852

1

TLR 7/ 8 agonist

1

Morphotek's eribulin-linker payload

1

TLR7 agonist

1

truncated diphtheria toxin

1

novel, proprietary, N-acylsulfonamide a uri stat n cytotoxin

1

TLR8 agonist

1

 

 

proprietary cleavable drug-linker
1

1

Tub196

1

 

 

pyrrolobenzodiazepine(PBD)

1

 

Preclinical

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

Toxin types

Number of pipelines

MMAE

15

DGN-549

1

DGN-549

1

Amanitin

 

diethylene tri amine penta acetic acid

 

diethylene triamine pentaaceic acid andy trium-90-1abelled anti-integrin-alpha 6/beta 4(90YITGA6B 4)

 

5

andy trium-90-1abelledani-integrin-alpha 6/beta 4(90Y-ITGA6B 4)

1

1

DM1

5

dimeric pyrrolo benzodiazepine;dPBD

1

dimeric pyurolo benzodiazepine;d PBD

1

IR700

4

dimeric structure of cyclopropyl pyrrolo[e] indolones(CPI)

1

dimeric structure of cyclopropyi pyrrolo[e] indol ones(CP)

 

1

PNU-159682

4

DM3/DM4

1

DM3/DM4

1

maytansine

3

DM4/DGN-549

1

DM4/DGN-549

1

SN-38

3

DNA toxin

1

DNA toxin

1

de-immunized antigen-seeding engineered toxin body(ETB)

2

docetaxel

 

docetaxel

 

1

1

DGN-462

2

dolastoxin derivate DU 0-5

1

dolastoxin derivate DUO-5

1

doxorubicin

2

DUO-5

1

DUO-5

1

kinesin spindle protein inhibitor

2

duocarmycin derivative

1

duocarmycin derivative

1

maytansinoid

2

duostatin 5.2

1

duostatin 5.2

1

microtubule polymerization  inhibitor

2

PM-050489

1

PM-050489

1

MMAF

2

PM160057

1

PM160057

1

Pseudomonas exotoxin A(PE24)

2

PNU payload

1

PNU payload

1

TLR7/ 8 agonist

2

proprietary MDR-resistantmaytansinoid linker-payload

1

proprietary MDR-resistant maytans in oid linker-payload

1

TLR8 agonist

2

PSARlink hydrophilic drug-linker

1

PSA R link hydrophilic drug-linker

1

tubulysin

2

Pyrrolo benzodiazepine(PBD) dimer

1

Pyrrolo benzodiazepine(PBDdimer

1

alpha emitter thorium-227

1

pyrrolo benzodiazepine(PBD)prodrug

1

pyrrolo benzodiazepine(PBD)prodrug

1

Angio Pep-2

1

pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer,cyclopropabenz indolone dimer,cyclo propabenzindolone-pyrrolobenzodiazepine heterodimer

 

pyrrolo benzodiazepine dimer,cyclo propa benzindolone dimer,cyclopropabenzindo lone-pyrrolo benzodiazepineheterodimer

 

1

1

 

 

an-microbial, cell-killing peptid

1

saporin

1

saporin

1

AraLinker-P ABC-MMAE

1

SG3249

1

SG3249

1

Auristatin

1

Shiga-1ike toxin A subunit

1

Shiga-like toxin A subunit

1

Auristatin analogS HR-152852

1

SMCC-DMl and sS PDB-DM 4

1

SMCC-DM1 and sSPDB-DM4

1

Auristatin E

1

soluble MGAA duocar mycin derivative

1

soluble MGAA duocar mycin derivative

1

Auristatin F

1

spliceostatin

1

spliceostatin

1

bouganin

1

thioether 1inker(Zt/g 4-maytansinoid) or via a dipeptide linker to MMAE(Zt/g4-MMAE)

1

thioether 1inker(Zt/g 4may tans in oid) or via a dipeptde linker toM MAE(Zt/g 4-M MAE)

1

chloromethyl benz-indoline dimers,including TP-28

1

deBouganin

1

deimmunized bouganin

1

CLB-SN-38

1

Concortis linker-Duo 5.2toxin

1

cyclopropyrrolonaolit payload

 

 

⭐Competitive landscape and number of TOP 20 toxins in the ADC drug field

 

NO

Toxin

Number of pipelines

1

MMAE

39

2

DM1

13

3

Amanitin

6

4

DM4

6

5

PNU-159682

6

6

IR700

5

7

MMAF

5

8

DXd

4

9

maytansine

4

10

SN-38

4

11

tubulysin

4

12

SG3199

4

13

calicheamicin

3

14

DGN-549

3

15

PE-38

3

16

Pseudomonas exotoxin A

3

17

Pyrrolobenzodiazepine(PBD) dimer

3

18

TLR7/8 agonist

3

19

TLR8 agonist

3

20

deBouganin

2

 

⭐ Analysis of toxins in different clinical stages of ADC drugs

 

Stage

Toxins TOP 3

Number of pipelines

Phase 3

DM4

2

staphylococcal enterotoxin A、DM1、Ricin Toxin A、MMAF、DXd、vc-seco-DUBA

1

Phase 2

MMAE

10

Tubulysin、Pseudomonas exotoxin A、eribulin、DM1、DM4

2

Phase 1

MMAE

9

DM1

4

DM4、SG3199

2

Preclinical

MMAE

15

Amanitin、DM1、PNU-159682

5

IR700

4

 

Connecting Subs

 

⭐Nearly 70 published species so far

 

Launched&Registered

Phase 2 Clinical

Phase l Clinical

Phase 2 Clinical

Type of linker

Number of pipelines

Type of linker

Number of pipelines

Type of linker

Number of pipelines

Type of linker

Number of pipelines

mc-val-cit-PABC

3

Cleavable vane-citrulline linker

4

cleavable linker

4

Cleavable vaine-citrulline linker

4

acid-1abile 4(4- acetyl butyrate) linker

1

cleavable linker

3

Cleavable valine-cit rull ne linker

4

non-cleavable linker

3

bifunction a 14( 4 acetyl phenoxy) but an oic acid(Ac Buf)

1

mc-val-cit-PABC

2

SMCC

2

SMCC

3

Cleavable valine-ci tru lie linker

1

non-cleavable linker

2

4APnon-cleavable ln ker

1

cleavable linker

2

hydrolysable carbonate linker

1

peptide linker

2

amide bond

1

non-polyethylene glycol linker

2

MC-Vc-PA Blinker

1

SPDB linker

2

cathepsin cleavable linker

1

sortasemediated antibody conjug ation technology(SMAC)

2

noncleavable maleinidoc aproyl (mc) linker

 

cathepsin cleavable inker

1

cathepsin- cleavable maleimdocapr oyl-valine-alanine(MC-Val-Ala) type linker

1

bioresversible linker

1

1

SMCC

1

cleavable, valine-alanine dipeptide(as cathepsin eBc leav age site) male ii de type linker containing a spacer PEG

1

cleavable(valine-alanine dipeptide as cathepsin e

1

cathepsin B-cleavable linker

1

B cleavage site) maleimide type linker

tetrapept de linker, Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly(GF LG)

1

cysteine protease-cleavable dipeptide linker

1

Cleavable valine-citr uline-seco(vc-seco)

1

cathepsin B-sensitive cleavable linker

1

tiuxetan

1

flexible PEG lin ker

1

LegoChem ls proprietary linker

1

CL2A linker

1

leavable(valine-alanine dipeptide as cathepsin e B cleavage site) malein ide type linker containing a space rPEG(n=8)

1

furin cleavable linker(RVRR)

1

maytansinoid

1

cleavable disulfide linker

1

Pre-registration&Phase 3

noncleavable maleimidocapr oyl(mc) 1inker

1

maytansin oid inker-payload(DM 21-C)

1

cleavable male imi do-caproylvaecitrulne-para amino benzyl carbamoy 1 linkers

1

Type of linker

Number of pipelines

N-succiniidy 1[4-iodo acetyl] amninobenzoate(SIAB)

1

mc-val-cit-P ABC

1

disulfde bond

1

SPDB linker

2

peptide cleavable linker

1

non-cleavable dibenzo cyclo oc tyne(DB CO) linker

1

disulfide bond to residual cysteine

1

MCC

1

Site-specific Thio Bridge Linker

1

non-polyethylene glycol linker

1

engineered cysteine conjugation

1

PEG spacer

1

SMCC

1

PEGylated gluco ronde linker

1

Ik suda's proprietary PermaLink

1

tetrapeptide-based inker

1

Synthon cleavable linker

1

peptide like r

1

1egu main-cleavable linker

1

 

 

 

 

proprietary cleavable ln ker

1

LX linker

1

 

 

 

 

protease-cleavable linker

1

maleimidocaproylvaline citru line pa mino benzyloxy carbonyl

1

 

 

 

 

smart linker

1

Mersana Therapeut cs'Dol alexin Fleximer linker

1

 

 

 

 

tetra pept de-based cleavable linker

1

non-cleavable amide/peptide linker

1

 

 

 

 

uncleavable linker

1

non-cleavable peptide linker

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

novel peptide linker

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

PermaLink conjugation

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

quaternary amine linkers

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

unique lysine conjugation approach

1

 

Competitive landscape and number of linkers in the ADC drug field

 

NO

Linker

Number of pipelines

1

Cleavable valine-citrullne linker

13

2

deavable linker

9

3

SMCC

7

4

mc-val-cit-PABC

7

5

non-cleavable linker

5

6

SPDB linker

4

7

non-polyethylene glycol linker

3

8

peptide linker

3

9

cathepsin cleavable linker

2

10

noncleavable maleimidocaproyl(mc) linker

2

11

protease-cleavable linker

2

12

sortasemediated antibody conjugationtechnology(SMAC)

2

13

4APnon-cleavable linker

1

14

acid-lab ie 4-(4'-acetyl phenoxy) but an oic acid(acetyl butyrate) linker

1

15

amide bond

1

16

bifunctiona1 4-(4-acetyl phenoxy) butanoicacid(Ac But)

1

17

bioresversible linker

1

18

cathepsin B-sensitive cleavable linker

1

19

cathepsin-deavablemaleimidocaproyl-valine-alanine(MC-Val-A1a) type linker

1

20

CL2A linker

1

 

Analysis of the linker profile of ADC drugs in different clinical phases

 

Stage

Toxin TOP 3

Number of pipelines

Phase 3

SPDB 1inker

2

tetrapeptide-based linker、PEG spacer、MCC

1

Phase 2

Cleavable valine-citrulline linker

4

cleavable linker

3

mc-val-cit-P ABC、non-de av able linker、peptidelinker、SPD B linker

2

Phase 1

Cleavable valine-citrulline linker

4

cleavable linker

4

SMCC

2

Preclinical

Cleavable valine-citrulline linker

4

non-cleavable linker、SMCC

3

SMAC、non-polyethylene glycol linker

2

 

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